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Bharat Ratna Award
Bharat Ratna, instituted in 1954, is India's highest civilian award. The award is given each year by the President of India "for exceptional service towards the advancement of Art, Literature, Science and in recognition of public service of the highest order". It was scrapped by the Janata Party Government in 1977 but was revived in 1980 by the Congress-I government. The Bharat Ratna Award (along with the three Padma Awards) was not given during 1993-1996, pending the Supreme Court judgement on the constitutional validity of the Civilian Awards. These awards were revived in 1997 after the Supreme Court gave a verdict on 15th December, 1995 upholding the constitutional validity of these awards.
The following are the recipients of the Bharat Ratna Award till date :
- Dr Sarvepali Radhakrishnan (1954)
- Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1954)
- Dr Chandrasekhar Venkat Raman (1954)
- Dr Bhagwan Das (1955)
- Dr Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (1955)
- Jawaharlal Nehru (1955)
- Govind Ballabh Pant (1957)
- Dr Dhondo Keshave Karve (1958)
- Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy (1961)
- Purushottam Das Tandon (1961)
- Dr Rajendra Prasad (1962)
- Dr Zakir Husain (1963)
- Dr Pandurang Vaman Kane (1963)
- Lal Bahadur Shastri (Posthumous) (1966)
- Indira Gandhi (1971)
- Varahagiri Venkatagiri (1975)
- Kumaraswami Kamraj (Posthumous) (1976)
- Mother Teresa (1980)
- Acharya Vinobha Bhave (Posthumous) (1983)
- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987)
- Marudu Gopalan Ramachandran (Posthumous) (1988)
- Dr B.R. Ambedkar (Posthumous) (1990)
- Dr Nelson R. Mandela (1990)
- Rajiv Gandhi (Posthumous) (1991)
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Posthumous) (1991)
- Morarji Desai (1991)
- Maulana Abul Kala Azad (1992)
- J.R.D. Tata (1992)
- Satyajit Ray (1992)
- A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (1997)
- Gulzarilal Nanda (1997)
- Aruna Asaf Ali (Posthumous)1997
- MS Subbulakshmi (1998)
- Chidambaram Subramaniam (1998)
- Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan (Posthumous) (1999)
- Professor Amartya Sen (1999)
- Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (Posthumously) (1999)
- Pandit Ravi Shankar (1999)
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