The Gupta Period (4th-6th century CE) is often described as the “Golden Age of art and architecture in India.” Gupta art encompassed both Buddhist and Hindu themes, with some of the finest Buddha images being products of this era. The Sarnath Buddha, depicting the Buddha giving his first sermon, is a prime example. Other Buddhist sculptures include depictions of Indra, Surya, Yakshas, Yakshis, dwarapalas, Mithuna couples, and mythical animals found in stupas and viharas at sites like Sanchi, Bharhut, Bodhgaya, Bhaja, Karle, Bedsa, and Pitalkhoda.
Vishnu temple at Tigawa
The Gupta period laid the foundation for temple architecture in India, with the emergence of the square sanctum and pillared porch. Gupta temples also featured covered processional paths for circumambulation. Earlier temples had flat roofs, while later ones developed the shikhara. Temple walls and interiors were adorned with sculptures of deities, their consorts, and other figures, often depicting secular subjects and decorative motifs. Notable examples of Gupta temples include the Parvati Temple at Nachna, the Vishnu Temple at Tigawa, the Dasavatara Temple at Deogarh, and the Shiva Temple at Bhumara.
The Gupta period also saw significant advancements in rock-cut cave architecture. The Chaitya and Vihara caves at Ajanta and Ellora are outstanding examples, showcasing the artistry and craftsmanship of the era.
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